tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-37390825019120055942024-03-07T23:54:34.012-08:00OASE KEHIDUPANanyta Kurniahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01186101608441612253noreply@blogger.comBlogger2125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3739082501912005594.post-23855899437011285692011-03-14T21:26:00.003-07:002011-03-14T21:26:05.920-07:00Teaching English by Flashcard Media<link href="file:///C:%5CUsers%5Cuser%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml" rel="File-List"></link><link href="file:///C:%5CUsers%5Cuser%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_themedata.thmx" rel="themeData"></link><link href="file:///C:%5CUsers%5Cuser%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_colorschememapping.xml" rel="colorSchemeMapping"></link> <m:smallfrac m:val="off"> <m:dispdef> <m:lmargin m:val="0"> <m:rmargin m:val="0"> <m:defjc m:val="centerGroup"> <m:wrapindent m:val="1440"> <m:intlim m:val="subSup"> <m:narylim m:val="undOvr"> </m:narylim></m:intlim> </m:wrapindent><style>
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<div class="MsoNoSpacingCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 20.7pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Teaching the target language need to develop the creativeness to build a strategy how to make the target language easier and can reside in learners’ mind for a longer time not temporarily. The learners guess, that English as a target language is so hard to learn. As a consequence, they are afraid to learn foreign language and surrender before make an attempt. The teachers of English language </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">must</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">afford</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> to create the interesting and simple strategy to teach English. T</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">hat </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">strategy</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> must </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">make the learners attracted and enjoyable in learning English. Even if, the two words that attributed to the English language namely difficult and crucial can be removed from the learners ‘mind. </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">In addition</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">, the</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">technology media is an alternative choice to smoothen the teaching learning process. Technology media can support the teachers’ presentation in the classroom. Besides that, the technology media will lend a hand to the students to understand the subject of English language. Not all technology media applying for machine. Technology media can be created by the materials that inexpensive and simple.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">The simple media is more effective to teach English. Because it can stimulate the ideas that students have. Besides that, the students will be more creative by using of the simple media. </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">The </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> utilizing of </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">simple technology</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> media very proper if addressed to the young learners at the Elementary school through the Intermediate school. There are many simple media which is used in teaching learning process. One of them is flash card media. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacingCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36pt; text-indent: 20.7pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">One of the first learning tools schools utilize to help the learners especially the young learners</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> to</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> develop memorization skills, is the flash cards. Flash cards are very effective for learning English skills like vocabulary. However, they can also be used for developing more advanced skills as well.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">By </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">using flash card media, the teaching learning process will be more effective. Elizabeth (2007:4) says that a good teacher must be able to teach English effectively. In </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">order that the students will attend, listen to him and try to understand what he teaches in the class. So, Flash card will help the English teachers to teach English attractively. And the students will be interesting and pleasant in the classroom. The most important case, the students will be more appreciate with the English subject which the teacher teaches. </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacingCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36pt; text-indent: 20.7pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> But recently</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">, </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">m</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">ost of</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">t</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">he English teachers usually teach English subject </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">monotonously. The book is the single media which they use. They teach English according to the book which contains the puzzled course. So, the students will be passive and do not creative. Because in this case, the students’ role just as imitators from the teacher and the role of the teacher more dominant in the class. As the result, the students feel bored in the class and they do not interest with the English subject anymore. Even if, the media that interested and can facilitate the students learning well very needed. Flash card media is the answer to those problems. The employing of the flash card can through a role game that make English subject interesting and easier. Because, m</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">ost learners feel that an appropriate lesson consists of traditional tasks with lots of writing and reading, listening to the teacher and speaking with the fellow partners in class during activities. When a lesson consists of a game, then it is not a lesson in the eyes of the young learners, it is greatly appreciated. Still, it is such a lesson that gives the teacher the opportunity to help the learners acquire new forms and lexis in the easiest and most effective way.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> <span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacingCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 35.7pt; text-indent: 21pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">What is simple is usually more effective with the young learners who find it difficult to understand a long list of rules. Very often a teacher finds activities in course books that can easily be turned into a game. This game was based on a similar table in the course book for Primary School, used as a drilling activity. By turning </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">flash card </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">into a game, it becomes far more exciting and challenging.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> So with the us</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">ing of </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">flash card media, the English teachers will be able to create the exciting and energetic class. Besides that, the students will be more active and creative in the class. </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacingCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 35.7pt; text-indent: 21pt;"><br />
</div>anyta Kurniahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01186101608441612253noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3739082501912005594.post-25732333283682837742011-01-04T00:56:00.000-08:002011-01-04T01:00:44.377-08:00Teaching Noun Phrase by Short Story<link href="file:///C:%5CUsers%5Cuser%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml" rel="File-List"></link><link href="file:///C:%5CUsers%5Cuser%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_themedata.thmx" rel="themeData"></link><link href="file:///C:%5CUsers%5Cuser%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_colorschememapping.xml" rel="colorSchemeMapping"></link> <m:smallfrac m:val="off"> <m:dispdef> <m:lmargin m:val="0"> <m:rmargin m:val="0"> <m:defjc m:val="centerGroup"> <m:wrapindent m:val="1440"> <m:intlim m:val="subSup"> <m:narylim m:val="undOvr"> </m:narylim></m:intlim> </m:wrapindent><style>
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<div class="MsoNoSpacingCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 42.55pt; text-align: justify;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Phrase</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div></div><div class="MsoNoSpacingCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 42.55pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.15pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">A phrase is a part of sentences which does not express a complete thought. Abbas (2008:1) states that a phrase is a group of words that acting as a single part of speech and not containing both a subject and a verb. It is has function as a group to form a single unit of meaning.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> That means a phrase have functions as subject, object and complement.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> Phrase consisted of noun phrase, adjective phrase and adverbial phrase. They have differnt form and function in a sentence.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div class="MsoNoSpacingCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 42.55pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.15pt;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div class="MsoNoSpacingCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 42.55pt; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Noun phrase<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div class="MsoNoSpacingCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 42.55pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.15pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Noun phrase is a group of words that indicate proper noun. The acts of noun phrase as a subject, object, and complement of a sentence. Noun phrase is a part of sentence. “ Noun phrase are supplied according to the sentence which is being generated.” ( walter, 1968:5). So, noun phrase can be formed by a sentence. A noun phrase can be producted from determiner and noun. Determiners can be categorized such as article, demonstrative adjectives, possesive adjectives, limiting adjectives and indefinite adjectives. There are examples of noun phrase in this short story below.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div class="MsoNoSpacingCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 42.55pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.15pt;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div class="MsoNoSpacingCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 42.55pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.15pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Taxi!<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div class="MsoNoSpacingCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 42.55pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.15pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Captain Ben Fawcett has bought <u>an unusual taxi</u> and has begun <u>a new service</u>. <u>The “taxi</u>” is <u>a small Swiss aeroplane</u> called <u>a “Pilatus Porter</u>”. This wonderful plane can carry seven passengers. The most surprising thing about it, however, is that it can land anywhere: on snow, water, or even on <u>a ploughed field</u>. Captain Fawcett’s first passanger was <u>a doctor</u> who flew from Brimingham to <u>a lonely village</u> in <u>the</u> <u>Welsh mountains</u>. Since than, Captain Fawcett has flown passengers to <u>many usual</u> <u>places</u>. Once he landed on the roof of <u>a block of flats</u> and on another occasion, he landed in <u>a deserted car park</u>. Captain Fawcett has just refused <u>a strange request</u> from <u>a businessman</u>. <u>The man</u> wanted to fly to Rockall, <u>a lonely island</u> in <u>the Atlantic Ocean</u>, but Captain Fawcett did’nt take him because <u>the trip</u> was too dangerous.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div class="MsoNoSpacingCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 42.55pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.15pt;"><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Resource: L.G Alexander.1975. Practice and Progress. Longman.<o:p></o:p></span></i></div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div class="MsoNoSpacingCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 42.55pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.15pt;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div class="MsoNoSpacingCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 42.55pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.15pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">From</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> the above</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">story, they are examples of noun phrase</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">s</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">. Such as an unusual taxi, a new service, a small Swiss aeroplane, a ‘Pilatus Porter’, a ploughed field, a doctor, a lonely village, the Welsh mountains, many usual places, a block of flats, a deserted car park, a strange request, a businessman, the man, a lonely island, the Atlantic Ocean and the trip. They are different forms of noun phrase. To form a noun phrase, can put another adjective like descreptive adjectives or proper adjectives in between determiners and noun like a small Swiss aeroplane, a lonely village, a lonely island and a strange request. Whereas, <b>of</b> is used to combine a noun phrase to another noun like the example above namely a block of flats. A doctor, the man, a businessman, etc are examples of demonstrative adjectives form.And a example namely many usual is the indefinite adjectives form. So, the all examples above are forms of noun phrase in sentences that contained in short story.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div class="MsoNoSpacingCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 42.55pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.15pt;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div class="MsoNoSpacingCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 42.55pt; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Adjective phrase<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div class="MsoNoSpacingCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 42.55pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.15pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Adjective phrase is a group of words which function to modify a noun as a post modifier or back modifier. The purpose of post modifiers for explain, indicate, analyze, describe and bounded a noun head.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div class="MsoNoSpacingCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 42.55pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.15pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Abbas (2008:16) states that the most general form of adjective phrases is the relation between adverbs of degree and descreptive of edjective thet combine together formed adjective phrase. Adverb of degree is put</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> before descriptive of adjective. Adverbs of degrees are called as pre modifiers. Some of adverbs of degrees are so, too, really, very, extremely, quite,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">etc. Mentioned</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">b</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">elow, is a short story that contained </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">some adjective phrases.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div class="MsoNoSpacingCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 42.55pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.15pt;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div class="MsoNoSpacingCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 42.55pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.15pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">The Big Family in the Little House<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div class="MsoNoSpacingCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 42.55pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.2pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Vladmir doesn’t know what to do. He has a big family. And he lives in a little house. He is not <u>very happy</u>. One day he goes to the town. He talks to a wise woman. “Please help me,” he says. “ my wife and I have six children. And we are <u>really confused</u>. We live in <u>very little house</u>. Eight people in a few rooms! We can’t live this way!”<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div class="MsoNoSpacingCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 42.55pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.2pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">The wise woman listens. She closes her eyes for a minute. She thinks that they home <u>too small</u> for lived. Then she asks,” How many animals do you have?”<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div class="MsoNoSpacingCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 42.55pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.2pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">“We have eight animals. We have a horse, a cow, two pigs, and four chickens,” says vladmir.“<u>So nice</u>, Go home now,” says the wise woman.” Take all your animals into the house with you.“ Our animals!” says Vladmir. He goes home and does what the wise woman tells him.” I feel <u>extremely tired</u>.” He says. The next week, he goes back to the wise woman.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div class="MsoNoSpacingCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 42.55pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.2pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">“This is <u>very bad</u>!” he says. “ The animals eat our food. They fill all the rooms. They sleep in our beds.” The wise woman closes her eyes again. Then she tells Vladmir, “Now go home. Take the animals out of the house.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div class="MsoNoSpacingCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 42.55pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.2pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">” Vladmir goes home. He takes animal out of the house. The next day, he goes back to the wise woman. This time he is <u>so happy</u>. “Thank you, thank you,” he says.” It’s very different without the animals. Now we can sleep. Now we like our house. Thank you for your help. You’re a <u>very wise woman</u>!”<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div class="MsoNoSpacingCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 42.55pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.2pt;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div class="MsoNoSpacingCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 42.55pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.2pt;"><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Resource: Beatrice and Linda Jeffries. Basic Reading Power. Longman. <o:p></o:p></span></i></div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div class="MsoNoSpacingCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 42.55pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.2pt;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div class="MsoNoSpacingCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 42.55pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.2pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">From the above examples, adjective phrases that position of pre modifiers before adjective. Such as <b>very</b> happy, <b>really</b> confused, <b>very</b> little house, <b>too</b> small, <b>so</b> nice, <b>extremely</b> tired, <b>very</b> bad and <b>so</b> happy. And the functions of adjective phrases are to modify noun. <b>Too </b>as pre modifier indicates that the pre modifier more than we require. <b>So </b>adverb of degree or pre modifier that indicates sense strongly and can’t be imagined about something. <b>Very </b>means we feel something into a high degree and can be imagined. <b>Really</b> is applied to add emphasis to the meaning of an adjective. And <b>extremely </b>indicates the feeling “very” sometimes refers to negative meanings.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div class="MsoNoSpacingCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div class="MsoNoSpacingCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 42.55pt; text-align: justify;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Adverb phrase<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div class="MsoNoSpacingCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 42.55pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.15pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">An adverb phrase is a group of words which function as a single adverb to modify verb. Some of the degrees are too, so, very, really, badly, happily, lazily, quickly etc. It is indicates that the degrees of adjective same with the degrees of adverb. But they have different function and meaning in a sentence. Mentioned below, the examples of adverb phrases in a narrative form. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div class="MsoNoSpacingCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 42.55pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.15pt;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div class="MsoNoSpacingCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 42.55pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.15pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> My close friend<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div class="MsoNoSpacingCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 42.55pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.15pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">My close friend is a nice friend. She always helps me whenever and wherever I need her hand. She never wants to hurt my feeling. So, she always speaks <u>very</u> <u>carefully</u> to me. She is so clever and she can speak English <u>very well</u>. We always go to school <u>by bus</u> together. In the bus, she sings a song <u>so softly</u>. The bus runs <u>really fast</u> and suddenly he tells me that he want to move in London school. I’m really shocked hear that.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div class="MsoNoSpacingCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 42.55pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.15pt;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div class="MsoNoSpacingCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 42.55pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.15pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">From the above examples, there are several forms of adverb phrases such as very carefully, very well, by bus, so softly, and really fast. And the most general form of adverb phrases is the combination between adverbs of degree and another adverb namely adverb of manner and time. The adverb phrases always explained a verb. Like “ She always <u>speaks</u> very carefully.” Very carefully is an adverb phrase that function to modify “ speak” that indicates a verb.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div class="MsoNoSpacingCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 42.55pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.15pt;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div class="MsoNoSpacingCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 42.55pt; text-align: justify;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">The Differences between Gerund Phrase and Infinitive Phrase<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div class="MsoNoSpacingCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 42.55pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.15pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Frank ( 1975:315) states that the gerund has function as noun head in the form of gerund phrase. The changed subject and object function as adjectival modifiers. Besides that, gerund phrase can form all that nouns. So, gerund phrase will indicate the nouns.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div class="MsoNoSpacingCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 42.55pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.15pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> Gerund is the <b>–ing</b> form of the verb is used as a noun while infinitive is formed of <b>‘to’ or to+infinitive</b>. Infinitive may have a subject or an object or both. In the infinitive phrase ‘subject’ is alive being like persons, animals, etc. besides that, ‘the subject’ can indicate a thing or an idea.( Frank, 1972:329). they are examples of gerund phrases and infinitive phrases in an article below.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div class="MsoNoSpacingCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 42.55pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.15pt;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div class="MsoNoSpacingCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 42.55pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.15pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">London<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div class="MsoNoSpacingCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 42.55pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.15pt;"><u><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Being a very big city</span></u><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">, London is very noisy; so wanting <u>to live qu</u></span><u><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">i</span></u><u><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">etly</span></u><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">, many people <u>working in London</u> prefer <u>to live outside</u> it. A small flat in London costs a lot of many; <u>living out side</u>, they can buy a little house at the same price.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div class="MsoNoSpacingCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 42.55pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.15pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">People <u>living outside</u> London have to go to work by train, car or bus. They have to get up early in the morning and arrive home late in the evenings; but avoiding <u>to</u> <u>stay in the noisy city</u>, they can sleep better at night. <u>Going to and coming back from</u> <u>their work</u>, they can read interesting books or newspapers.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div class="MsoNoSpacingCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 42.55pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.15pt;"><u><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Being in the country</span></u><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">, they can enjoy watching the grass and trees; and <u>breathing</u> <u>the clean air</u>, they feel fresh and healthy. On Sunday afternoons, they may cultivate th</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">eir </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> gardens. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div class="MsoNoSpacingCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 42.55pt; text-align: justify;"><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Resource: Ghani Johan. 2006. Reading and Translation. Third edition.PP.96.092. <o:p></o:p></span></i></div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div class="MsoNoSpacingCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 42.55pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.15pt;"><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> Pustaka Pelajar Offset</span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div class="MsoNoSpacingCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 42.55pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.15pt;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div class="MsoNoSpacingCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 42.55pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.15pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">In the above article, there are examples of gerund phrases and infinitive phrases. The gerund phrases are <b>being</b> a very big city, <b>working</b> in London, <b>living</b> outside, <b>going</b> to and <b>coming </b>back from their work, <b>being</b> in the country, and <b>breathing</b> the clean air. The infinitive phrases are <b>to live</b> quietly and <b>to stay</b> in the noisy city. The <b>–ing</b> form of the verb used as a noun while <b>‘to’</b> form of the verb used as noun, adverb, and adjective.<o:p></o:p></span></div>anyta Kurniahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01186101608441612253noreply@blogger.com0